Abstract: Objective To explore the knowledge,attitude and practice (KAP)towards malaria antibody-positive risk among population working in the mountain areas and to provide scientific evidence for preventing malaria.Methods Based on the data of KAP and malaria antibody test from a typical sampling investigation conducted in malaria-endemic areas of Hainan province in 2011,a gender-and age-matched case-control study was designed and completed with a ratio of 1:3,of which 46 cases diagnosed with malaria antibody-positive were compared with 138 controls without malaria infection.Conditional logistic regression model was used in univariate and multivariate analyses with SPSS 17.0.Results Seven of the 12 targeted risk factors were identified to be responsible for the malaria infection by univariate analysis,including drug prophylaxis (never),drug prophylaxis (occasionally),without mosquito net soaked,malaria knowledge (unqualified),without overnight anti-mosquito measures,without health education on malaria,and not sleeping outdoors.Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis also suggested that the seven factors were significantly associated with the positive rate of malaria antibody (P<0.05).Conclusion Regarding to the malaria antibody-positive,not sleeping outdoors is a protective factor and drug prophylaxis (never),drug prophylaxis (occasionally),without mosquito net soaked,malaria knowledge (unqualified),without overnight anti-mosquito measures,and without health education on malaria are risk factors.