Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the awareness and influence factors of knowledge about reproductive infections among rural residents in Midwest China.MethodsTotally 5 236 rural residents were chosen in Gansu,Qinghai,Shanxi and Xinjiang province with multi-stage stratified random sampling,and the knowledge of reproductive infections was surveyed with a questionnaire among the residents.ResultsThe awareness of knowledge about "If a women get reproductive infections,does her husband need to be treated?"among female residents(50.3%) was higher than male residents(29.5%) ;the awareness of Han residents'(46.3%) was higher than that of the minority(38.6%) and that of married persons(42.4%) was higher than the unmarried(33.7%).The women's awareness(49.7%) about "Will husband's physiological hygiene influence the health of the wife?" was higher than the men's(29.5%) ;the awareness of Han reridents(46.5%) was higher than that of the minority(37.8%) and the wareness of married persons(42.0%) was higher than that of the unmarried(32.9%).Multiple regression analyses showed that the awareness of knowledge about reproductive infections was related to sex,ethnic group,marriage status and education level,with higher awarene in women,Han nationality,married and high educated people.ConclusionThe awareness of knowledge about reproductive infections among rural residents in Midwest China is low and the education in men needs to be concerned.