Abstract: ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors of esophageal cancer in Hangzhou area and to provide evidences for esophageal cancer prevention.MethodsA population based 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted in Hangzhou.A total of 132 esophageal cancer patients and 264 age-,gender-,nation-,and living area-matched controls were investigated with a questionnaire survey.ResultsThe results of multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that with primary school education or lower,smoking,alcohol consumption,low income,with eating preference of hot,pickled or fried food,drinking unboiled water frequently,eating disorders,introverted,with stomach disease history,and family esophageal cancer history were risk factors of esophageal cancer,whereas eating fruits and vegetables frequently was a protective factors.ConclusionHeavy smoking,alcohol drinking,and unhealthy eating habits can increase the risk of esophageal cancer.Health education should be promoted amang the public to control the risk factors of esophageal cancer.