Abstract: Objective To examine the prevalence and risk factors of anorectal diseases among rural residents in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture(Qiannan),Guizhou province,and to provide references for taking corresponding interventions.Methods We carried out a questionnaire survey,visual examination,rectum examination,and anus mirror examination among 47 864 rural residents aged≥20 years selected form Qiannan region with random sampling and used SAS 9.1 in data analyses.Results The prevalence and the standardized prevalence of anorectal diseases among the residents was 15.57% and 15.23%;among the 7 453 patients identified,the top 5 main anorectal diseases were haemorrhoids(1 853,24.86%),toallingham's ulcer(1 220 16.37%),hypertrophy of anal papilla(907,12.17%),archosyrinx(853,11.45%),and perianal eczema(697,9.35%),followed by prortopolypus(643,8.63%),anal abscess(585,7.85%),proctoptoma(553,7.39%),and other types of anorectal diseases(142,1.91%),respectively.The results of multi-factor unconditioned logistic regression showed that the risk factors of anorectal included female,aged more than 50 years,Han nationality,having a fondness for spicy or fried food,without enough sleep for a long-time,drinking alcohol for a long-term,taking fruits,vegetables,and firbrous food seldom,cleaning perineum occasionally,and with history of long-term constipation or anxiety among the residents.Conclusion The prevalence of anorectal diseases among rural residents in Qiannan region is lower than the average national level and the main factors of the prevalence are gender,age,nationality,eating habits,sleeping time,alcohol drinking,intake of fruits,vegetables and fibrous food,cleaning the perineum,and the history of constipation and anxiety.