Solar ultraviolet exposure on horizontal and vertical plane in winter and summer in Shenyang
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摘要: 目的 研究水平面和垂直面紫外线暴露的差异,分析雪反射对两者的影响。方法 采用紫外线监测仪在辽宁省沈阳地区(东经123°27',北纬41°51')冬季的雪前、雪后以及夏季的晴好天气进行了水平面和垂直面紫外线暴露的实地监测。结果 沈阳地区冬季的雪前与雪后以及夏季水平面环境紫外线日间分布规律均呈钟型曲线,与传统认知相一致,半小时累积剂量在正午达到最高值,分别约为15、17 和93 kJ/m2;垂直面环境紫外线日间分布规律,在冬季雪前和雪后与水平面相似,为单峰钟型曲线,但在夏季则明显不同,呈现双峰规律,半小时累积剂量最高值分别出现在上午7:30~8:00(11 kJ/m2)和下午15:00~15:30(12 kJ/m2);雪后水平面紫外线累积剂量略高于雪前(增加约13.9%),而垂直面紫外线累积剂量则明显高于雪前(增加约98.0%),甚至高于夏季,比夏季增加了约61.7%。结论 夏季早晚时间段以及冬季雪后,人体近似垂直面解剖部位,特别是眼部的紫外线暴露防护不容忽视。Abstract: Objective To study the difference in ultraviolet(UV) exposures on horizontal and vertical plane,and to analyze the effect of snow reflect on UV exposures on both planes.Methods The UV exposure values on the horizontal and vertical plane were measured in winter(before and after snowing) and summer days using solar-UV sensors in Shenyang,China(41?51'N,123?27'E).Results The horizontal UV exposure distribution showed bell-shaped curves in winter(both before and after snowing) as well as in summer,which was consistent with the results of previous studies.The cumulative dosage of a half hour reached the peak value at midday(15 kJ/m2 before snowing in winter,17 kJ/m2 after snowing in winter and 93 kJ/m2 in summer.Vertical UV exposure distribution also showed bell-shaped single peak curves in winter(both before and after snowing).However,the distribution in summer was significantly different,showing bimodal curves with the peak values of a half-hour cumulative dose at 7:30-8:00(11kJ/m2) in the morning and 15:00-15:30(12 kJ/m2) in the afternoon.On the first day after snowing,the UV was reflected strongly from the snow surface.The horizontal UV exposure slightly higher than that before snowing(an increase of approximately 13.9%),while the vertical UV exposure significantly higher than that before snowing(an increase of about 98%),and even higher than that in summer(an increase of about 61.7%).Conclusion At morning and evening time in summer and the time after snowing in winter,the protection of some human anatomic sites that approximate vertical plane,especially the eye,should not be ignored.
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Keywords:
- ultraviolet ray /
- horizontal plane /
- vertical plane
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