Abstract: Objective To study related factors of and effect of health education on Helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection among gastritis patients for the prevention and control of Hp infection.Methods Totally 5 500 gastritis patients participated the survey and filled out a questionnaire about knowledge and behaviour related to Hp infection.More over,2 650 Hp positive participants were administered a health education on Hp infection.The effect of the health education was evaluated.The data were analyzed with chi-square and logistic regression.Results Male,at the age between 30 to 60 years,and the patients from rural areas had a higher infection rate than female,younger than 30 years or older than 60 years,and the people from urban areas.Drinking unboiled water,eating salted food,and smoking increased the infection rate.Eating legume food and drinking green tea decreased the infection rate.The knowing rate of Hp was 94.3% after the health education and was significantly higher than 19.8% before the health education(χ²=30 016.5,P＜0.05).Conclusion Drinking unboiled water,eating salted food,and smoking are risk factors for Hp infection,while eating legume food and drinking green tea are protective factors.The health education is helpful to improve the cognitive level for Hp infection.