Abstract: Objective To explore the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in xeroderma pigmentosum group D gene(XPD) with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) risk,and to provide theoretical basis for revealing the etiology of esophageal cancer and developing intervention measures for esophageal cancer.Methods A case-control study was conducted in a Han population of Henan province.Totally 235 patients with ESCC were recruited from a hospital and 235 1:1 gender and age matched controls were selected from healthy population of a country in Henan province.Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-PFLP) was used to detect the genotype of the two SNPs.Multiple variable analysis and gene-environment interaction analysis were done by using unconditional logistic regression.Results Compared to wild genotype GG,XPD 312 polymorphism variant genotypes of GA,AA,and GA + AA were not associated with the risk of ESCC with the adjusted odds ratio(OR) (95% confidence intervalCI) for ESCC risk of 0.83(0.05-13.55),1.12(0.06-19.47),and 1.35(0.73-2.51),respectively.Compared to wild genotype AA,XPD 751 polymorphism variant genotypes of AC,CC,and AC + CC were not associated with the risk of ESCC,with the adjusted OR(95% CI) for ESCC risk of 1.21(0.80-1.83),0.99(0.42-2.31),and 1.17(0.79-1.75),respectively.The haplotype GA merged by wild-type alleles was served as referent haplotype,and the haplotypes GC,AA,and AC were not associated with the risk of ESCC.The interactions between the two SNPs and smoking or alcohol drinking were also not detected.Conclusion The results suggest that XPD312 and XPD751 polymorphisms may be unrelated to the incidence of ESCC in Han population in Henan province.Gene-environment interactions were not found between the two SNPs and smoking or alcohol drinking.