Abstract: ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors of esophageal cancer in Xinjiang Kazakh.MethodsA case-control study of 1:2 was designed to obtain the data of 92 cases of esophageal cancer and 184 controls to found Logistic regression model.ResultsThe result of analysis of simple factors showed risk factor were below:stock farmers,drinking wine,liking to eat peppery food,fast eating,irregular eating time,the history of stomach or esophagus illness and family history of esophagus cancer.Multiple Cox regression analysis showed that:family history of esophagus cancer,not sanitation of drinking water,liking to eat peppery food,fast eating were important risk factors,while taking fruit were the protective factor for esophageal cancer.ConclusionIt could reduce incidence of esophageal cancer to change condition of drinking water and bad diet manner,to eat fresh vegetable and fruit often in Xinjiang Kazakh.